Supreme Court deals defeat to workers' rights, upholding arbitration for individuals only

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg read her dissent in court. She said the court upheld "these arm-twisted, take-it-or-leave it contracts" even though the labor laws of the 1930s have recognized "there is strength in numbers."

The Obama and Trump administrations took contrasting stands on the case as it moved through the courts.

Obama lawyers agreed with Democratic appointees on the National Labor Relations Board that labor laws from the New Deal era gave workers the right to join together to protect themselves. They pointed to the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, which said workers may join a union or "engage in other concerted efforts" to protect themselves.

Based on that law, they said companies may not enforce arbitration clauses that bar workers from joining together to challenge a company's policies or work rules.

By contrast, Trump administration lawyers joined with pro-business advocates in favor of binding arbitration. They relied on the Federal Arbitration Act of 1925, which said contracts that call for setting disputes through arbitration "shall be valid, irrevocable and enforceable."

The Supreme Court conservatives have often cited the Arbitration Act, even though the more specific workers' rights laws were passed later by Congress during the 1930s and the 1960s.